ABSTRACT
Wetlands, as core habitats for supporting waterbird diversity, provide a variety of ecosystem services through diverse ecosystem functioning. Wetland degradation and wetland-habitat loss undermine the relationship between biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF), affecting the diversity of habitats and waterbirds. The conservation of waterbird diversity is closely linked to the proper functioning of wetland ecosystems (nutrient cycling, energy storage, and productivity). Waterbirds have complex habitat preferences and sensitivities, which affect biotic interactions. By highlighting the importance of temporal and spatial scales guided by BEF, a habitat-waterbird conservation framework is presented (BEF relationships are described at three levels: habitat, primary producers, and waterbird diversity). We present a novel perspective on habitat conservation for waterbirds by incorporating research on the effects of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning to address the crucial challenges in global waterbird diversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and habitat conservation. Last, it is imperative to prioritize strategies of habitat protection with the incorporation of BEF for future waterbird conservation.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Wetlands , Conservation of Natural Resources , Biodiversity , BicyclingABSTRACT
Elimination of VOCs by catalytic oxidation is an important technology. Here, a general synergistic capture-bonding superassembly strategy was proposed to obtain the nanoscale dispersed 5.8% PtFe3 -CeO2 catalyst, which showed a high toluene oxidation activity (T100 =226 °C), excellent catalytic stability (125â h, >99.5%) and a good water resistance ability (70â h, >99.5%). Through the detailed XPS analysis, oxygen cycle experiment, hydrogen reduction experiment, and in-situ DRIFT experiment, we could deduce that PtFe3 -CeO2 had two reaction pathways. The surface adsorbed oxygen resulting from PtFe3 nanoparticles played a dominant role, due to the fast cycling between the surface adsorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancy. In contrast, the lattice oxygen resulting from CeO2 nanorods played an important role due to the relationship between the toluene oxidation activity and the metal-oxygen bonding energy. Furthermore, DFT simulation verified Pt sites were the dominant reaction active sites during this reaction.
ABSTRACT
As a common load-bearing component, mining wire rope produces different types of damage during a long period of operation, especially in the case of damage inside the wire rope, which cannot be identified by the naked eye, and it is difficult to accurately detect such damage using the present technology. In this study we designed a non-destructive testing device based on leakage magnetism, which can effectively detect the internal defects of wire rope damage, and carried out simulation analysis to lay a theoretical foundation for the subsequent experiments. To address the noise reduction problem in the design process, a variational mode decomposition-adaptive wavelet thresholding noise reduction method is proposed, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and also calculate the wavelet energy entropy in the reconstructed signal to construct multi-dimensional feature vectors. For the quantitative identification of system damage, a particle swarm optimization-support vector machine algorithm is proposed. Moreover, based on the signal following the noise reduction step, seven different feature vectors, namely, the waveform area, peak value, peak-valley value, wavelet energy entropy classification, and identification of internal and external damage defects, have been determined. The results show that the device can be used to effectively identify internal damage defects. In addition, the comparative analysis showed that the algorithm can reduce the system noise and effectively identify internal and external damage defects with a certain superiority.
